The Western Area Urban District, including Freetown, the capital and largest city, has a population density of 1,224 persons per square km. The official documentation known as the Book of Negroes lists thousands of freed slaves whom the British evacuated from the nascent United States and resettled in colonies elsewhere in British North America (north to Canada, or south to the West Indies). But in May, when nearly all Nigerian forces had left and UN forces were trying to disarm the RUF in eastern Sierra Leone, Sankoh's forces clashed with the UN troops, and some 500 peacekeepers were taken hostage as the peace accord effectively collapsed. The demonstration was quickly put down by the army and Stevens' own personal Special Security Division (SSD), a heavily armed paramilitary force he had created to protect him and maintain his hold on power. . [108] The country had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 2.76/10, ranking it 154th globally out of 172 countries.[109]. In 2007, a pay-per-view service was also introduced by GTV as part of a pan-African television service in addition to the nine-year-old sub-Saharan Digital satellite television service (DStv) originating from Multichoice Africa in South Africa. Some of Sierra Leonean international footballers include Mohamed Kallon, Mohamed Bangura, Rodney Strasser, Kei Kamara, Ibrahim Teteh Bangura, Mustapha Dumbuya, Christian Caulker, Alhassan Bangura, Sheriff Suma, Osman Kakay, Mohamed Kamara, Umaru Bangura and Julius Gibrilla Woobay. Between 1991 and 2001, about 50,000 people were killed in Sierra Leone's civil war. The Yalunka also spelled Jallonke, Yalonga, Djallonk, Djallonka or Dialonk, are Mande people who have lived in the Djallon, a mountainous region in Sierra Leone, Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau and Guinea Conakry West Africa over 520 years ago. With a new decentralisation policy, embodied in the Local Government Act of 2004, responsibility for water supply in areas outside the capital was passed from the central government to local councils. Krio (derived from English and several indigenous African languages, and the language of the Sierra Leone Krio people) is the most widely spoken language in virtually all parts of Sierra Leone. Norman was a guard to Governor-general Sir Henry Lightfoot-Boston. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts, as of July 2017. The Mende predominate in South-Eastern Sierra Leone (with the exception of Kono District). On 19 October 1998, 24 soldiers in the Sierra Leone armyincluding Gborie, Brigadier Hassan Karim Conteh, Colonel Samuel Francis Koroma, Major Kula Samba and Colonel Abdul Karim Sesaywere executed by firing squad after they were convicted in a court martial in Freetown, some for orchestrating the 1997 coup that overthrew President Kabbah and others for failure to reverse the mutiny.[94]. SAJ Musa, a childhood friend of Strasser, became the deputy chairman and deputy leader of the NPRC government. The Eastern Province is located on the eastern side of Sierra Leone and borders Guinea and Liberia as well as two other Sierra Leone provinces. Freetown is located in the Western region of the country and it is a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean besides being the capital city of Sierra Leone. Lieutenant Sandy was given a state funeral and his funeral prayers service at the cathedral church in Freetown was attended by many high-ranking soldiers of the NPRC junta, including Strasser himself and NPRC deputy leader Sergeant Solomon Musa. Sipsma, Heather L., et al. [83] Brigadier Lansana and Hinga Norman, the main army officers involved in the first coup (1967), were unceremoniously dismissed from the armed forces and made to serve time in prison. The country can be divided into four distinct physical regions: the coastal swamp, the Sierra Leone Peninsula, the interior plains, and the interior plateau and mountain region. When the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was abolished in 1806, the freed slaves from Britain and the Americas were repatriated to the capital which was named Freetown. 49,839; Regent Urban Area: pop. It is listed among countries of concern for emissions, as having Low Forest Cover with High Rates of Deforestation (LFHD). In June 2005, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) and BirdLife International agreed to support a conservation-sustainable development project in the Gola Forest in south eastern Sierra Leone,[113] an important surviving fragment of rainforest in Sierra Leone. [160] This initiative falls under the Energy Africa access campaign which seeks to provide electricity to 14 different African countries by 2030. It is primarily designed to implement development projects and promote regional economic integration between the four countries.[120]. Port Loko, the capital city of this province, was named for the Loko people and was established by Portuguese merchants. [63], The British interacted mostly with the Krios in Freetown, who did most of the trading with the indigenous peoples of the interior. The president is the head of state, the head of government and the commander-in-chief of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces. He was neither corrupt nor did he make a lavish display of his power or status. Since independence, the Limba have traditionally been influential in Sierra Leone's politics, along with the Mende. Steven was later freed and fled the country; went into exile in neighbouring Guinea. Sierra Leone gained independence from the United Kingdom on 27 April 1961, and became a Commonwealth realm on the same day; the country's name changed to the Dominion of Sierra Leone. The Maliki school is by far the largest and most dominant Islamic school of jurisprudence across Sierra Leone. In addition, it stated that: The population size of Sierra Leone in 2021 has more than tripled since the first modern census that was conducted in 1963. By September 2014, with the closure of borders, the cancellation of airline flights, the evacuation of foreign workers and a collapse of cross-border trade, the national deficit of Sierra Leone and other affected countries was widening to the point where the IMF was considering expanding its financial support. The other airports have unpaved runways, and seven have runways from 914 to 1,523 metres (2,999 to 4,997 feet) long; the remaining two have shorter runways. Its capital and largest town is Bendugu. Having had no formal emergency medical services previously, the First Responder Coalition of Sierra Leone (FRCSL) was formed in June 2019 in Makeni to facilitate the development of emergency first responder programs nationwide. [17], The geographic area has been inhabited for millennia, but Sierra Leone, as the country and its borders are known today, was founded by the British Crown in two phases: first, the coastal Sierra Leone Colony in 1808 (for returning Africans after the abolition of slavery); second, the inland Protectorate in 1896 (as the Crown needed to establish more dominion inland following the outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885). As designated by the Sierra Leone Constitution, the vice-president is to become the new president of Sierra Leone upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. Taylor's aim was for the RUF to attack the bases of Nigerian dominated peacekeeping troops in Sierra Leone who were opposed to his rebel movement in Liberia. If no candidate gets 55%, there is a second-round runoff between the top two candidates. Bio is the leader of the Sierra Leone People's Party, the current ruling party in Sierra Leone. [124] Brigadier General Alfred Nelson-Williams who was appointed by president Koroma succeeded the retired Major General Edward Sam M'boma on 12 September 2008 as the Chief of Defence Staff of the Military.[125]. [126][127] The RSLMF remained a single-service organisation until 1979, when the Sierra Leone Navy was established. Eventually, with some more recruitment, 411 passengers sailed to Sierra Leone in April 1787. For her loyalty, she was awarded a silver medal by Queen Victoria. It also has one of the lowest population densities in the country with just over 400,000 people recorded in the 2015 census. The Inter-Religious Council of Sierra Leone estimated that 77% of Sierra Leone's population are Muslims, 21% are Christians, and 2% are followers of traditional African religion. The Lungi International Airport located in the coastal town of Lungi in Northern Sierra Leone is the primary airport for domestic and international travel to or from Sierra Leone. Of the refugees remaining in Sierra Leone, nearly all were Liberian.[171]. Pro-slavery advocates accused the Black Poor of being responsible for a large proportion of crime in 18th century London. Sierra Leone operates a floating exchange rate system, and foreign currencies can be exchanged at any of the commercial banks, recognised foreign exchange bureaux and most hotels. Kabbah's presidency marked the dawn of a new Sierra Leone, which included the end of the civil war in 2002, a focus on fostering national unity and reconciliation, trust in government, peace and stability, the improvement in relations with many countries, and the refounding of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces with special assistance and training led by the Government of the United Kingdom. Religious tolerance in the West African nation is very high and is generally considered a norm and part of Sierra Leone's cultural identity. The Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary, which is located within the peninsula's vast rainforest reserve, just a few kilometres from the centre of Freetown, has a collection of rare and endangered chimpanzees. Setting: Twenty-seven peripheral health units, five secondary hospitals and one tertiary hospital, Western Area District, Sierra Leone.Objectives: To describe reporting systems, monthly attendances and facility-based patterns of six non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the pre-Ebola and Ebola virus disease outbreak periods.Design: A cross-sectional study using programme data. The brutal civil war that was going on in neighbouring Liberia played a significant role in the outbreak of fighting in Sierra Leone. 267,827. Like the Fula, the Mandinka are virtually all Muslims at over 99. Turay, a key loyalist of ousted president Momoh. In October 2000, a UN-approved certification system for exporting diamonds from the country was put in place and led to a dramatic increase in legal exports. Population data comes from the most recent census conducted in the country in 2015. The land was also home to the Temee and Loko peoples, whose presence predates the arrival of Europeans. [41] The Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme was proposed by entomologist Henry Smeathman and drew interest from humanitarians like Granville Sharp, who saw it as a means of showing the pro-slavery lobby that black people could contribute towards the running of the new colony of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone has a population of more than 7 million people and has some major cities that subdivide the country. Kenema is the most populated district in Sierra Leone, according to the preliminary report of the final result of the Mid-Term Census report released by Statistics Sierra Leone (Stats SL) last week. Prior to conducting the election, Sierra Leoneans and international stakeholders were involved in a major debate on whether the nation should focus on trying to end the long running civil war, or to conduct elections and hence returning governance back to a civilian-led administration with a multi-party system of parliament that would provide the foundation for long-lasting peace and national prosperity. Since the end of hostilities in January 2002, massive infusions of outside assistance have helped Sierra Leone begin to recover.[147]. In Freetown, the Guma Valley Water Company remains in charge of the water supply. The upper part of the drainage basin of the Moa River is located in the south of this region. Men continue to be the lesser population with a total of three million seven hundred and twenty-seven thousand, seven hundred and forty-seven (3,727,747), comprising 49.4% of the total population. Other courts include the High Court of Justice, the Court of Appeal, the magistrate courts, and traditional courts in rural villages. The coastal swamp region extends along the . [161] There were plans to increase its capacity 400 megawatts by 2017 which would cost around $750 million. Rural areas are the most common to lack access to education having only male-headed four per cent ahead of females with basic education and 1.2 per cent more at post-graduate level. 267,266. The currency is the leone. On 25 May 1997, 17 soldiers in the Sierra Leone army led by Corporal Tamba Gborie, loyal to the detained Major Johnny Paul Koroma, launched a military coup which sent President Kabbah into exile in Guinea and they established the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC). Makeni is the administrative and economic center of the region. The Kono are descendants of migrants from Guinea; today their workers are known primarily as diamond miners. 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