The next year, the capital was moved to Murfreesboro, where it remained until 1826. [167][168] Tennessee celebrated its bicentennial in 1996 with a yearlong celebration called "Tennessee 200". [88] Cotton planters used extensive slave labor on large plantation complexes in West Tennessee's fertile and flat terrain after the Jackson Purchase. [230] The Southern Appalachian sprucefir forest in the highest elevations of the Blue Ridge Mountains is considered the second-most endangered ecosystem in the country. [68] The Southwest Territory recorded a population of 35,691 in the first United States census that year, including 3,417 slaves. Paleo-Indians are believed to have hunted and camped in what is now Tennessee as early as 12,000 years ago. [236] The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in Tennessee's climate, with winds from the south responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. [204] Both of these physiographic provinces are part of the Interior Low Plateaus of the larger Interior Plains. [272] Muslims and Jews each make up about 1% of the population, and adherents of other religions make up about 3% of the population. [115][116] Tennessee ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, which outlawed slavery in every state, on April 7, 1865,[117] and the Fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to former slaves, on July 18, 1866. TDEC enforces state environmental laws and regulations. For passenger rail service, Memphis and Newbern are served by the Amtrak City of New Orleans line on its run between Chicago and New Orleans. Several annual music festivals take place throughout the state, the largest of which are the Beale Street Music Festival in Memphis, the CMA Music Festival in Nashville, Bonnaroo in Manchester, and Riverbend in Chattanooga. [301] Nissan's assembly plant in Smyrna is the largest automotive assembly plant in North America. [313][154] The technology sector is also a rapidly growing industry in Middle Tennessee, particularly in the Nashville metropolitan area. [376] Tennessee is currently one of five states with no transportation-related debts. Its Grand Divisions also manifest into distinct cultural regions, with East Tennessee commonly associated with Southern Appalachia,[345] and Middle and West Tennessee commonly associated with Upland Southern culture. [249] In addition to the major cities, the Tri-Cities of Kingsport, Bristol, and Johnson City are considered the sixth major population center. [198] Most of these ridges are low, but some of the higher ones are commonly called mountains. [212] It ends at steep loess bluffs overlooking the Mississippi embayment, the westernmost physiographic division of Tennessee, which is part of the larger Mississippi Alluvial Plain. [284] The first $1,250 of individual income and $2,500 of joint income was exempt from this tax. [220] All three of these basins are tributaries of the Ohio River watershed. [403] Tennessee is divided into 31 judicial districts, each with a circuit and chancery court, and a district attorney and judges elected to eight-year terms. [94] Tennessee provided more Union troops than any other Confederate state, and the second-highest number of Confederate troops, behind Virginia. First census allowing respondents to select more than one race, worst maritime disaster in American history, Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition, Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, striking African American sanitation workers, Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe, largest industrial waste spill in United States history, one of the nation's most religious states, National Association of Free Will Baptists, List of Tennessee locations by per capita income, List of power stations operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority, Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, Manhattan Project National Historical Park, National Museum of African American Music, List of colleges and universities in Tennessee, historically Black colleges and universities, chief justice and four associate justices, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, United States congressional delegations from Tennessee, "Tennessee adopts 'The Volunteer State' as official nickname", "Nashville overtakes Memphis as Tennessee's largest city", "Elevations and Distances in the United States", "City and Town Population Totals: 20102019", "Why Tennessee is Called the Volunteer State", "IUPAC Announces the Names of the Elements 113, 115, 117, and 118", "Tennessee's Name Dates Back To 1567 Spanish Explorer Captain Juan Pardo", "Who Were the Mysterious Yuchi of Tennessee and the Southeast? [139] On July 9, 1918, Tennessee suffered the worst rail accident in U.S. history when two passenger trains collided head on in Nashville, killing 101 and injuring 171. ", "Department of Energy FY 2020 Congressional Budget Request", "Booming tech industry in Middle Tennessee", "Map of Deregulated Energy Markets (Updated 2018) Electric Choice", "Tennessee - State Energy Profile Overview - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)", Electric Power Monthly with Data for December 2021, "It's the first new U.S. nuclear reactor in decades. [15] Tennessee has also played a major role in the development of many forms of popular music, including country, blues, rock and roll, soul, and gospel. [291][290] Soybeans and corn are the state's first and second-most common crops, respectively,[16] and are most heavily grown in West and Middle Tennessee, especially the northwestern corner of the state. Memphis 901 FC has played in the second-tier USL Championship since 2019. [255], According to the 2010 census, 6.4% of Tennessee's population were under age5, 23.6% were under 18, and 13.4% were 65 or older. ", "Archaeology & the Native Peoples of Tennessee", McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture, "Treaties and Land Cessions Involving the Cherokee Nation", "Andrew Johnson and Emancipation in Tennessee", "Chronology of Emancipation during the Civil War", "This Honorable Body: African American Legislators in 19th Century Tennessee", "The Constitution of the United States Of America Analysis And Interpretation Centennial Edition Interim Edition: Analysis Of Cases Decided By The Supreme Court Of The United States To June 26, 2013s", "Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866", "Yellow fever epidemic changes course of Memphis history in 'Fever Season', "Sergeant York, War Hero, Dies; Killed 25 Germans and Captured 132 in Argonne Battle", "Tennessee Valley Authority created, May 18, 1933", The TVA Transmission System: Facts, Figures and Trends, "The TVA and the Relocation of Mattie Randolph", "Forced Relocations Presented More of an Ordeal than an Opportunity for Norris Reservoir Families", "Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr", "Time Looks Back: The Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr", "The last sermon, Memphis, April 3, 1968", "100 Years: Tennessee's Interstate System", "Overton Park's Citizens and Their Successful Battle Against the Highway", "The world came to Knoxville in May 1982", "Sweet Lips and Rest of Tennessee Blow a Kiss", "Shooting the Rapids: How a Small East Tennessee Community Struck Olympic Gold", "States across U.S. still cling to outdated gay marriage bans", "A Lawyer, 40 Dead Americans, and a Billion Gallons of Coal Sludge", "Coal's other dark side: Toxic ash that can poison water, destroy life and toxify people", "TVA to auction 62 parcels in Kingston after ash spill cleanup completed", "Nine things about Tennessee geography that may surprise you", "From Alabama to Wyoming, this is how each state got its shape", "Pieces of the Past: Supreme Court looked at controversy over Bristol border location", "How Georgia got its northern boundary and why we can't get water from the Tennessee River", "Are you prepared for an earthquake? Along with projectile points common for this period, archaeologists in Williamson County have uncovered a 12,000-year-old mastodon skeleton with cut marks typical of prehistoric hunters.. [249] Its 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since the early 1990s and is one of the nation's fastest-growing metropolitan areas, with about 2 million residents. [38][37] In 1682, an expedition led by Ren-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle constructed Fort Prudhomme on the Chickasaw Bluffs in West Tennessee. [336], The National Park Service preserves four Civil War battlefields in Tennessee: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, Stones River National Battlefield, Shiloh National Military Park, and Fort Donelson National Battlefield. Rapid civilizational development occurred during the Mississippian period, when Indigenous peoples developed organized chiefdoms and constructed numerous ceremonial structures throughout the state. [146] As part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was created in 1933 to provide electricity, jobs, flood control, improved waterway navigation, agricultural development, and economic modernization to the Tennessee River Valley. [280] Unionization has historically been low and continues to decline, as in most of the U.S.[281], Tennessee has a reputation as a low-tax state and is usually ranked as one of the five states with the lowest tax burden on residents. In the southeast U.S. region that includes Tennessee, the Kraken strain is the second-most prevalent strain, making up about 31% of all cases, CDC data show. During the 20th century, Tennessee transitioned from a predominantly agrarian society to a more diversified economy. The state is one of eight states which require voters to present a form of photo identification. [323] Other major mineral products produced in Tennessee include sand, gravel, crushed stone, Portland cement, marble, sandstone, common clay, lime, and zinc. [154], After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, Oak Ridge High School in 1955 became the first school in Tennessee to be integrated. [180] Due to flooding of the Mississippi that has changed its path, the state's western boundary deviates from the river in some places. [368] Vanderbilt University in Nashville is consistently ranked as one of the nation's leading research institutions. [323][324] The Copper Basin, in Tennessee's southeastern corner in Polk County, was one of the nation's most productive copper mining districts between the 1840s and 1980s, and supplied about 90% of the copper the Confederacy used during the Civil War. WebTennessee Firearms Classifieds Choose City/Region Chattanooga Clarksville Cookeville Jackson Knoxville Memphis Murfreesboro Nashville Tri-cities Tullahoma Choose a category: All Categories Firearms Antique Firearms Handguns Muzzle Loaders NFA Firearms Rifles Shotguns Firearm Accessories Ammo Gun Parts Gun These served to disenfranchise most African Americans, and their power in state and local politics was markedly reduced. [106] The next summer, Rosecrans's Tullahoma campaign forced Bragg's remaining troops in Middle Tennessee to retreat to Chattanooga with little fighting. [273] Several Protestant denominations have their headquarters in Tennessee, including the Southern Baptist Convention and National Baptist Convention (in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (in Memphis);[274] and the Church of God and the Church of God of Prophecy (in Cleveland);[275][276] and the National Association of Free Will Baptists (in Antioch). [259] About 13.6% percent of the population was below the poverty line. Webchoose the site nearest you: chattanooga; clarksville; cookeville; jackson; knoxville; memphis; nashville; tri-cities WebFind information motor vehicle registration in Tennessee. All of these except the Times Free Press are owned by Gannett. Tennessee is geographically, culturally, and legally divided into three Grand Divisions of East, Middle, and West Tennessee. [352] The 1927 Victor recording sessions in Bristol generally mark the beginning of the country music genre and the rise of the Grand Ole Opry in the 1930s helped make Nashville the center of the country music recording industry. [104] Memphis fell to the Union in June after a naval battle on the Mississippi River. [107], During the Chattanooga campaign, Confederates attempted to besiege the Army of the Cumberland into surrendering, but reinforcements from the Army of the Tennessee under the command of Grant, William Tecumseh Sherman, and Joseph Hooker arrived. [308] A number of well-known brands originated in Tennessee, and even more are produced there. I-275 is a short spur route in Knoxville. The highest recorded temperature was 113F (45C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930, while the lowest recorded temperature was 32F (36C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917. [318] Tennessee is home to the two newest civilian nuclear power reactors in the U.S., at the Watts Bar Nuclear Plant in Rhea County. [176] Tennessee covers roughly 42,143 square miles (109,150km2), of which 926 square miles (2,400km2), or 2.2%, is water. [109] Despite Unionist sentiment in East Tennessee, Confederates held the area for most of the war. It earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" early in its history due to a strong tradition of military service. In the southeast U.S. region that includes Tennessee, the Kraken strain is the second-most prevalent strain, making up about 31% of all cases, CDC data show. [188], Geological formations in Tennessee largely correspond with the state's topographic features, and, in general, decrease in age from east to west. This town appeared on British maps as early as 1725. [98] On June 8, with Middle Tennesseans having significantly changed their position, voters approved a second referendum on secession by a 6931% margin, becoming the last state to secede. Because Memphis International Airport is the hub of FedEx Corporation, it is the world's busiest cargo airport. [321] Tennessee is the nation's leading producer of ball clay. [219], About half the state's land area is in the Tennessee Valley drainage basin of the Tennessee River. [141] In 1925, John T. Scopes, a high school teacher in Dayton, was tried and convicted for teaching evolution in violation of the state's recently passed Butler Act. [440] Voters, however, continued to elect moderate Republicans, such as centrists Bill Haslam and Lamar Alexander, until the late 2010s with the rise of Trumpism in the GOP at a nationwide scale. [428] During the first half of the 20th century, state politics were dominated by the Democratic Crump machine in Memphis. Tennessee Firearms Classifieds Choose City/Region Chattanooga Clarksville Cookeville Jackson Knoxville Memphis Murfreesboro Nashville Tri-cities Tullahoma Choose a category: All Categories Firearms Antique Firearms Handguns Muzzle Loaders NFA Firearms Rifles Shotguns Firearm Accessories Ammo Gun Parts Gun Safes Holsters Magazines Optics Reloading [4] In 2019, the state reported a total employment of 2,724,545 and a total number of 139,760 employer establishments. [90] A strong abolition movement developed in East Tennessee, beginning as early as 1797, and in 1819, Elihu Embree of Jonesborough began publishing the Manumission Intelligencier (later The Emancipator), the nation's first exclusively anti-slavery newspaper. [344], A culturally diverse state, Tennessee blends Appalachian and Southern flavors, which originate from its English, Scotch-Irish, and African roots, and has evolved as it has grown. [421] Tennessee's 1st and 2nd congressional districts, based in the Tri-Cities and Knoxville, respectively, are among the few historically Republican districts in the South. Nashville is the state's capital and largest city, and anchors its largest metropolitan area. Discover the best road trip destinations, new places to eat and more in your free printed guide or e-guide. Tre Hargett was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly to serve as Tennessees 37th secretary of state in 2009 and re-elected in 2013, 2017, and 2021. [399], Tennessee's highest court is the state Supreme Court. [16] The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is in eastern Tennessee. [348], Tennessee is perhaps best known culturally for its musical heritage and contributions to the development of many forms of popular music. [177], Tennessee's eastern boundary roughly follows the highest crests of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and the Mississippi River forms its western boundary. [240] The state annually averages about 50 days of thunderstorms, which can be severe with large hail and damaging winds. [119], The years after the Civil War were characterized by tension and unrest between blacks and former Confederates, the worst of which occurred in Memphis in 1866. [410], Tennessee sends nine representatives to the United States House of Representatives. choose the site nearest you: chattanooga; clarksville; cookeville; jackson; knoxville; memphis; nashville; tri-cities [278], As of 2021, Tennessee had a gross state product of $418.3 billion. WebTennessee Firearms Classifieds Choose City/Region Chattanooga Clarksville Cookeville Jackson Knoxville Memphis Murfreesboro Nashville Tri-cities Tullahoma Choose a category: All Categories Firearms Antique Firearms Handguns Muzzle Loaders NFA Firearms Rifles Shotguns Firearm Accessories Ammo Gun Parts Gun [191] Tennessee is considered seismically active and contains two major seismic zones, although destructive earthquakes rarely occur there. [113], When the Emancipation Proclamation was announced, Tennessee was largely held by Union forces and thus not among the states enumerated, so it freed no slaves there. [77][78], Tennessee reportedly earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" during the War of 1812, when 3,500 Tennesseans answered a recruitment call by the General Assembly for the war effort. [53], In 1775, Richard Henderson negotiated a series of treaties with the Cherokee to sell the lands of the Watauga settlements at Sycamore Shoals on the banks of the Watauga River. This time period has seen the birth of new economic sectors in the state and has positioned the Nashville and Clarksville metropolitan areas as two of the fastest-growing regions in the country. [321] Bituminous coal is mined in small quantities in the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains. [217] The Mississippi River drains nearly all of West Tennessee. For areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are generally near freezing. [60] The next year, the settlers signed the Cumberland Compact, which established a representative government for the colony called the Cumberland Association. [451] The Tennessee Smokies, which have played continuously since 1972,[452] and Chattanooga Lookouts, which have played continuously since 1976,[453] are members of the Double-A classification Southern League. [295] The state's timber industry is largely concentrated on the Cumberland Plateau and ranks as one of the top producers of hardwood nationwide. [421] This division was related to the state's pattern of Unionist and Confederate loyalism during the Civil War. [331] The park anchors a large tourism industry based primarily in nearby Gatlinburg and Pigeon Forge, which includes Dollywood, the most visited ticketed attraction in Tennessee. To pay off debts and alleviate overcrowded prisons, the state turned to convict leasing, providing prisoners to mining companies as strikebreakers, which was protested by miners forced to compete with the system. [330], Tennessee is the 11th-most visited state in the nation,[332] receiving a record of 126 million tourists in 2019. WebPaleo-Indians are believed to have hunted and camped in what is now Tennessee as early as 12,000 years ago. The first has been in Republican hands continuously since 1881, and Republicans or their antecedents have held it for all but four years since 1859. The University of Tennessee system operates four primary campuses in Knoxville, Chattanooga, Martin, and Pulaski; a Health Sciences Center in Memphis; and an aerospace research facility in Tullahoma. Democratic strength is largely concentrated in Nashville, Memphis, and parts of Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Clarksville. [195], The southwestern Blue Ridge Mountains lie within Tennessee's eastern edge, and are divided into several subranges, namely the Great Smoky Mountains, Bald Mountains, Unicoi Mountains, Unaka Mountains, and Iron Mountains. UT Martin and Tennessee Tech will remain in the OVC, while Peay will move to the ASUN. The husband of the Tennessee police officer fired for having sex with six of her coworkers is standing by his wife, the Daily Mail reported Friday. Study finds more people moved to Tennessee in 2020", "More people moved to Tennessee, Texas, and Florida than any other states in 2020, according to data from U-Haul see the full ranking", "Selected Characteristics of the Foreign-born Population by Period of Entry into the United States", "Public Chapter 1101 The Tennessee Growth Policy Act", Tennessee Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, "Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census", "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States", "Population of Tennessee: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts", "The Association of Religion Data Archives | State Membership Report", "Church of God International Offices marks 50 years at Keith and 25th location", "Remarriage Issue Gives Denomination an Identity Crisis", "National Association of Free Will Baptists (NAFWB)", "Not New York: Book Business & Publishers in Nashville", "Union membership drops in Tennessee as legislature considers putting right to work laws in state constitution", "Tax policy: States with the highest and lowest taxes", "There are 9 US states with no income tax, but 2 of them still tax investment earnings", "Tennessee on its way to becoming a bona fide no-income-tax state in 2021", "What are the state and local sales tax rates in Tennessee? [27] The Cherokee began migrating into what is now eastern Tennessee from what is now Virginia in the latter 17th century, possibly to escape expanding European settlement and diseases in the north. Local law enforcement is divided between county sheriff's offices and municipal police departments. [211] The plain begins in the east with low rolling hills and wide stream valleys, known as the West Tennessee Highlands, and gradually levels out to the west. [381] Known as "Tennessee's Main Street", I-40 serves the major cities of Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville, and throughout its entire length in Tennessee, one can observe the diversity of the state's geography and landforms. Volpe. WebMap of the United States with Tennessee highlighted Country United States Before statehood Southwest Territory Admitted to the Union June 1, 1796; 226 years ago (June 1, 1796)(16th) Capital (and largest city) Nashville[2] Largest metroand urbanareas Nashville Government Governor Bill Lee(R) Lieutenant Governor Randy McNally(R) Legislature [216] The Cumberland River basin covers the northern half of Middle Tennessee and a small portion of East Tennessee. [118] The Radical Republicans seized control of the state government toward the end of the war, and appointed William G. "Parson" Brownlow governor. [10], Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachian Mountains. The Tennessee River begins at the juncture of the Holston and French Broad rivers in Knoxville, flows southwest to Chattanooga, and exits into Alabama before reemerging in the western part of the state and flowing north into Kentucky. [283] The Hall income tax was imposed on most dividends and interest at a rate of 6% but was completely phased out by 2021. [369] Nashville is often called the "Athens of the South" due to its many colleges and universities. In the early 1900s, the state legislature approved legislation allowing cities to adopt a commission form of government based on at-large voting as a means to limit African American political participation. [65] North Carolina ceded the area to the federal government in 1790, after which it was organized into the Southwest Territory on May 26 of that year. Secretary Hargett is the chief executive officer of the Department of State with oversight of more than 300 employees. [305] Nissan and Mitsubishi Motors have their North American corporate headquarters in Franklin. [462] The WGC Invitational is a PGA Tour golf tournament that has been held in Memphis since 1958. [218] Its tributaries are the Obion, Forked Deer, Hatchie, Loosahatchie, and Wolf rivers. [200] This landform is part of the larger Appalachian Plateau and consists mostly of flat-topped tablelands. [461] Tennessee's only graded stakes horserace, the Iroquois Steeplechase, is held in Nashville each May. This area consists of linear parallel ridges separated by valleys that trend northeast to southwest, the general direction of the entire Appalachian range. [370] Tennessee is also home to six historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). It is bordered by eight states, with Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the west, and Missouri to the northwest. [365], In 2014, the Tennessee General Assembly created the Tennessee Promise, which allows in-state high school graduates to enroll in two-year post-secondary education programs such as associate degrees and certificates at community colleges and trade schools in Tennessee tuition-free, funded by the state lottery, if they meet certain requirements. Department of Revenue David Gerregano, Commissioner 500 Deaderick Street Nashville, TN 37242 Department Contact Information Motivation is the No. Separate criminal courts serve 13 of the 31 judicial districts; circuit courts handle criminal cases in the remaining districts. [185][186] Other regions include the southern tip of the Cumberland Mountains, the Western Tennessee Valley, and the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. [395], The bicameral legislative branch, the Tennessee General Assembly, consists of the 33-member Senate and the 99-member House of Representatives. [306][307] The state is also one of the top producers of food and drink products, its second-largest manufacturing sector. [ 219 ], Tennessee sends nine representatives to the state 's capital and largest city, and divided! 200 ] this landform is part of the war to Murfreesboro, where it remained until.... Union in June after a naval battle on the Mississippi River drains nearly all of these physiographic provinces part. A number of Confederate troops, behind Virginia colleges and universities held the area for of. Corporate headquarters in Franklin North American corporate headquarters in Franklin machine in Memphis near...., Confederates held the area for most of the nation 's leading research institutions, new places to and! The ASUN Tennessee 's only graded stakes horserace, the nation 's most visited National,. 200 '' agrarian society to a strong tradition of military service ] the! Memphis 901 FC has played in the OVC, while Peay will move to the state 's land area in! 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